Development and distribution of refractive error in children with Down's syndrome

.....Children were hypermetropic, .... and the presence of significant astigmatism... was assessed with age. ..... Prevalence of significant oblique astigmatism increased with age and was highly prevalent (45%) in teenage years.....The results provide further evidence of the failure in the emmetropisation process in children with DS. ... The children show a specific development of oblique astigmatism that may be suggestive of a mechanical induction through eyelids.....